Exploring PCR Methodologies in Forensic DNA Profiling

Mohammed Ayad; Omar A. Mahmoud; Shahrazad H. Muhi; Nada H. Bedair; Ruaa H. Ali; Saba R. Jaafar; Luma M. Edan

doi:10.47419/bjbabs.v5i04.290

Authors

Mohammed Ayad Forensic DNA Center for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8621-3696
Omar A. Mahmoud Forensic DNA Center for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6884-9398
Shahrazad H. Muhi Forensic DNA Center for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1148-3762
Nada H. Bedair Forensic DNA Center for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-0154
Ruaa H. Ali Forensic DNA Center for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1501-9871
Saba R. Jaafar Forensic DNA Center for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5576-6902
Luma M. Edan Forensic DNA Center for Research and Training, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad,Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-8768

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v5i04.290

Keywords:

PCR, Forensic DNA analysis , Criminal investigation , Amplification , Multiplex PCR , Real- time PCR , Microfluidic PCR , Digital PCR

Abstract

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques have revolutionized forensic DNA analysis, enabling the precise amplification of trace DNA samples. This abstract provides a concise overview of the pivotal role of PCR in forensic science. It delves into the principles of PCR, emphasizing its ability to amplify specific DNA sequences with remarkable sensitivity and specificity. Multiplex PCR, a variant technique, allows for simultaneous amplification of multiple genetic loci, enhancing the efficiency of forensic investigations. This abstract further highlights the broad applications of PCR in criminal investigations, paternity testing, and disaster victim identification. Recent advancements, such as MiniSTRs and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), are elucidated for their crucial contributions in addressing challenging forensic scenarios. Despite its instrumental role, PCR-based DNA analysis is not without challenges, with considerations including DNA contamination and low-template samples. The abstract concludes with aforward-looking perspective on the emerging field of forensic epigenetics and metagenomic analysis, offering a glimpse into the promising future of PCR techniques in forensic DNA analysis. PCR stands as an indispensable tool in modern forensic science, unraveling genetic identities from the most minute of genetic traces.

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