Advancements and Applications of STR Kits in Forensic DNA Profiling: A Comprehensive Review

Omar A Mahmoud; Mohammed A. Hameed; Shahrazad H. Muhi; Farah B. Abed; Sahar M. Ibrahim; Ibrahim Ramzi Hadi; Dunya A. Mohammed; Ruaa Maan Attallah

doi:10.47419/bjbabs.v6i1.355

Authors

Omar A Mahmoud Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6884-9398
Mohammed A. Hameed Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8621-3696
Shahrazad H. Muhi Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1148-3762
Farah B. Abed Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-2304
Sahar M. Ibrahim Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6638-9498
Ibrahim Ramzi Hadi Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-3985
Dunya A. Mohammed Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0541-8194
Ruaa Maan Attallah Higher Institute of Forensic Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8095-0952

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v6i1.355

Keywords:

Forensic Science, Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Analysis, DNA Profiling, Capillary Electrophoresis, Forensic DNA Testing, NGS, Biological Evidence

Abstract

Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is a crucial technique in forensic science, providing high-resolution DNA profiling for criminal investigations, paternity tests, and identification of missing persons. This document outlines the key stages of STR analysis, including sample collection and preservation, DNA extraction and quantification, PCR amplification of STR loci, capillary electrophoresis, and data interpretation. Proper handling and storage of forensic samples are essential to prevent DNA degradation and contamination. PCR amplification, using Taq polymerase, enables the replication of STR loci for analysis. Capillary electrophoresis then separates these fragments, generating an electropherogram that is interpreted using specialized software. STR profiling is widely used due to its sensitivity, accuracy, and ability to analyze degraded DNA samples. Despite its advantages, challenges such as DNA mixture interpretation and environmental degradation persist. The continuous advancement of forensic DNA technology, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), aims to enhance STR analysis efficiency and accuracy. This document also discusses various STR kits used in forensic science, their applications, and standard protocols ensuring reliable results. STR analysis remains a cornerstone of forensic DNA testing, playing a significant role in legal and investigative processes worldwide.